Deniz Suları Neden Tuzludur?

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Okyanuslardaki ve deniz sularındaki tuzun kaynağı yeryüzündeki kayaçlardır. Atmosferdeki karbondioksit suda çözündüğünde karbonik asit oluşur. Bu nedenle yağmur suyu zayıfça asit özellik gösterir. Sahip olduğu bu özellik nedeniyle yağmur suyu kayaçlarla etkileştiğinde kayaçların aşınmasına neden olur ve sonuçta elektriksel olarak yüklü parçacıklar olan iyonlar oluşur. Akarsu ve nehirlerle taşınan iyonlar denizlere ve okyanuslara ulaşır. İyonların büyük bir kısmı sudaki canlılar tarafından kullanılırken, geri kalan kısmı suda çözünmüş halde kalır.

Deniz sularını besleyen akarsular ve nehirler tatlı su kaynaklarıyken neden deniz suyunun tuzlu olduğu sorusu akla gelebilir. Su döngüsü adı verilen süreçte su atmosfer ve yeryüzü arasında kesintisiz olarak hareket eder. Bu süreçte Güneş’ten gelen enerji deniz yüzeyindeki saf suyun buharlaşarak atmosfere karışmasına neden olurken çözünmüş iyonlar suda kalır. Bu nedenle zamanla deniz ve okyanus sularındaki tuz yoğunluğu artar. Okyanuslardaki ve deniz sularındaki tuzun diğer bir kaynağı sualtındaki volkanlardır ve suyun magmanın yapısındaki eriyik haldeki sıcak kayaçlarla etkileşmesi nedeniyle ortaya çıkar.

Okyanusların ve deniz sularının tuzluluk oranı yaklaşık %3,5’tur. Yeryüzünün %70’inin sularla kaplı olduğu düşünüldüğünde denizlerdeki tuzun miktarının Dünya’nın yüzeyinin tamamını 150 metre kalınlığında bir tabakayla kaplamaya yetecek kadar yüksek olduğu görülür.

 

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